Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. Cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in papua new guinea. Learn more about the cacao plant and its cultivation in this article. In east new britain, production is estimated to have declined by 80 percent as a. Png cocoa production is rising in the graphadoption crop protection. Pngaust partnership to combat cocoa pod borer post courier. But, production is threatened by the cocoa pod borer. Round table conference on a sustainable world cocoa. Cocoa production represents nearly 20 per cent of agricultural revenue per annum in png and is largely produced by small, familyowned farms.
Receipts from cocoa exports halved between 2011 and 2012, but with cocoa prices expected. The cocoa pod borer infests cocoa fruit at the developing stage fig. Risk of introduction top of page quarantine and surveillance for c. A guide to trade practices international trade centre. Regular complete harvesting of pods is almost certainly the most effective cultural technique. Cpb now affects almost all cocoa producing provinces in indonesia. The cocoa pod borer cpb, also known as cocoa moth, is caused by the insect conopomorpha cramerella. Several control measures have been tried to contain the pest including rampassen i. Dr keane says cocoa production in png has declined by 80 per cent following the arrival of serious insect pests the cocoa pod borer from indonesia, as well as declining soil fertility, aging farmers, poor crop management and increased diseases, such as. Cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in. Enriched cocoa pod composts and their fertilizing effects on. The cocoa pod borer was first reported in sabah in late 1980.
Cocoa pod borer cocoa pod borer coordinating committee. Guide describing trade and industry practices, as well as regulations applying to cocoa traces customs procedures, systems and techniques used at each stage of the cocoa supply chain. Following its emergence as a pest in east new britain, papua new guinea, in 2006, it was considered relevant. Cocoa exports fell from 52,579 tonnes in 2008 to 33,090 tonnes in 2015. Cocoa board of png cocoa is now among the three top export crops of png earning an average annual revenue of k300 million from 36,000 tonnes of processed. Although burial of infested pods is the recommended practice for the control of cpb. We are developing effective ways to detect and predict infestations such as evaluating improved clones and then.
The cocoa pod borer cpb larva causes damage to cocoa by boring into the pod and disrupting the development of the beans. Enriched cocoa pod composts and their fertilizing effects. However, enb cocoa production declined by 80% between 2008 and 2012, and individual growers sampled by curry et al. The cocoa theobroma cacoa plant is infested by several insects like cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella, stem borer zeuzera coffee, mealy bug planococcus lilacinus, cocoa aphid toxoptera aurantii, and cow bug gargara sp. Theobroma cacao, also called the cacao tree and the cocoa tree, is a small 48 m 26 ft tall evergreen tree in the family malvaceae, native to the deep tropical regions of mesoamerica. Pngs cocoa industry has been in decline since the serious outbreak of cocoa pod borer cpb took hold in 2008.
This used to be my cocoa garden, said rex abraham, chairman of kwambi kanda cocoa nursery project. Supply response of cocoa in papua new guinea boniface aipi tanu irau and ludwig aur aba working paper bpng201202 november 2012 bank of papua new guinea port moresby papua new guinea the working paper series is intended to provide the results of research undertaken within the bank to its staff, interested institutions and the general public. Although the impacts of the cocoa pod borer can be minimised through more intensive management of t. Cpb cocoa pod borer cpbcc cocoa pod borer coordinating committee dal department of agriculture and livestock dec department of environment and conservation. This gave rise to the cocoa industries of papua new guinea and indonesia. Papua new guineas cocoa production was seriously affected by an outbreak of cocoa pod borer in 2008. The dreaded asian cocoa pest, cocoa pod borer cpb incursed into east.
Robin dand, specialist in cocoa logistics and author of several publications, including itcs cocoa. Improved cocoa production and livelihoods following the cocoa pod borer incursion would support their conservation effort. In 2006, a devastating disease ravaged the crops of thousands of small farmers in east new britain, the first province in png to be affected by the cocoa pod borer cpb. Papua new guinea png cocoa board po box 532 rabaul, enb province papua new guinea png coffee industry corporation ltd po box 7 goroka, eastern highlands province.
Native to lowland rainforests of south america, cacao is grown commercially in the new world tropics as well as western africa and tropical asia. The cocoa sector has been devastated by the emergence of cocoa pod borer cpb, now affecting nine cocoa growing provinces. Effect of cocoa pod borer infestation on the weight of wet cocoa per pod. These projects have a wealth of detailed information on. Pdf the social and economic impacts of the cocoa pod borer on. Cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen cpb is an important pest of cocoa. An extensive eradication exercise was mounted against this pest. In east new britain, once the leading cocoa producing region, production is estimated to have declined by 80 percent. Tricky to control, it is now one of the most serious threats to the global cocoa industry. Pdf cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in. The dreaded asian cocoa pest, cocoa pod borer cpb incursed into east new britain in march 2006. Over 150,000 households in papua new guinea png depend upon cocoa for their livelihoods but yields are threatened by a number of factors including the. Cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in papua.
Papua new guinea cocoa production rising but borer disease a. Restoring livelihoods for cocoa farmers in papua new guinea. Cocoa production in png jumps in past decade xinhua. The cocoa board of papua new guinea, as the central state agency that has overarching. Papua new guinea s cocoa production was seriously affected by an outbreak of cocoa pod borer in 2008. The pest the cocoa pod borer is the root of all the cocoa farmers problems. Responses to cocoa pod borer as outlined in note 2, the cpb incursion in png caused major disruption to the livelihoods of cocoa farmers.
According to the png cocoa board, production in east sepik province and the autonomous region of bougainville will likely crash over the next two years, all due to the pest. Aciar project pc2006114 on the management of cocoa pod borer in png. Learning about sustainable cocoa productiona guide for participatory farmer training. Rex abraham chairman of kwambi kanda cocoa nursery project. The battle to save the papua new guinea cocoa industry. Socioeconomic impact assessment of cocoa pod borer in east new britain province, papua new guinea page 5 2 executive summary cocoa pod borer cpb conopomorpha cramerella was first detected near keravat, enbp in march 2006. Lower volumes were offset somewhat by improving world cocoa prices and more favorable exchange rate conditions for exports from png particularly in the latter half of 20. Black pod phytophthora species 12 cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella 18 cocoa swollen shoot virus cssv 22 frosty pod rot crinipellis roreri 26 mirids capsids sapsucking bugs 30 mistletoes plant parasites of cocoa 36 stem borers 38 termites or white ants 42. Papua new guinea is a member of the governing council of the united nations environment program, and it has membership to a number of international and regional treaties and conventions relating to the environment, including a number that relate. The cocoa pod borer has been a major problem for cocoa growers across png, and the australian centre for international agriculture research has commenced new research to help improve management of the pest. The productive partnerships in agriculture project is executed by the papua new guinea cocoa board and the coffee industry corporation cic. The cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella is a moth of the family gracillariidae. Clone weight of wet cocoa per pod g % reduction in weight. The question raised by frank jarret how do farmers in png find out about innivations and just what source of information are important.
So far the application of these management strategies will definitely control cocoa pod borer and also at the same time we were able to introduce our second batch of hybrid clones in march 20 and that batch of hybrid clones have some levels of tolerance to cpb, meaning that if farmers can. Bank of papua new guinea bpng from the c oc oa board of png in 20 1 0, 4 1,30 0 tonnes of co coa was expor ted, ac counti ng for 6. Request pdf cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella snellen in papua new guinea. Over the past five years, cocoa production averaged 43,867 tons with 90% of these being produced by village farmers while 10% from the plantation sector. Png to pdf convert png images to pdf documents online. Scheu, former chief executive officer of the cocoa merchants association of america, inc. We are developing effective ways to detect and predict infestations such as evaluating improved. Rambutan or namnam borers are already known from thailand, sri lanka and new britain papua new guinea. Shortterm we need to focus on how to sustain national png crop at 50,000 metric tons crop has gone down to about 38,000 metric tons due to poor block management, low yielding, old cocoa trees and cocoa pod borer infestation. Enhancing papua new guinea png smallholder cocoa production. Cocoa exports fell from 52,579 tonnes in 2008 to 33,090 tonnes in. Cocoa bean production papua new guinea, 20192020 statista. Promoting genderequitable agribusiness in papua new guinea policy note december 2014.
A shippers manual 1990, was a collaborating author and contributed essential. The cause is the cocoa pod borer cpb pest, which has hit many cocoa producing regions around the world. Biosecurity models for new ireland and the autonomous region of bougainville. It was first noted in 1841 as a serious threat, causing vast losses in the cocoa industry during the 1890s and 1900s. Improved management strategies for cocoa in papua new guinea. Enhancing papua new guinea png smallholder cocoa production through greater adoption of integrated pest and disease management ipdm. Pngs cocoa industry has been in decline since the serious outbreak of cocoa pod borer cpb from 2008. Production of cocoa theobroma cacao beans from plantations in papua new guinea png and south east asia is significantly affected by damage to fruit caused by. This free online png to pdf converter allows to combine multiple images into a single pdf document. Cocoa is a highly important export in papua new guinea, 80% of which comes from smallholders dependent on it for their livelihoods. These projects have a wealth of detailed information on producers, yields and genetics and.
Background to png cocoa industry cocoa, one of the four main cash crop in papua new guinea png contributes up to 17% of the nations agriculture sectors revenue equivalent to about k250k300 million annually. Promoting genderequitable agribusiness in papua new guinea. Our flagship cocoa export trade business was basically flat compared to 2012. Basic research on the cocoa pod borer in papua new guinea. In the wake of cocoa pod borer there has been a surge of support for the industry resulting in strong livelihoods projects. Cocoa pod borer conopomorpha cramerella 18 cocoa swollen shoot virus cssv 22 frosty pod rot crinipellis roreri 26. Prima insecticide trial uninfested infested sed all treatments conv ratio % 34.
The pest if left to build up is capable of destroying the entire crop. The government of papua new guinea environment impact statement vol 3 e2311 v6. Vega, sonja scheffer, leo shapiro smilja lambert, hussin bin purung, and prakash hebbar roy bateman, martin gilmour and rob lockwood reading university, may 2007. Papua new guinea png cocoa board po box 532 rabaul, enb province papua new guinea png coffee industry corporation ltd po box 7. The autonomous region of bougainville arob suffered, so did the png economy, which directly benefited from arob cocoa production, apart from copra. Improving the smallholder balsa value chain in east new. British into sri lanka from trinidad, by the dutch to java and by the germans to papua new guinea from various parts of latin america. Easily combine multiple png images into a single pdf file to catalog and share with others. Since then, cpb has been detected in poro, west sepik province. Change in disease statue and population of phytophthora spp in png. Ngos have considerable influence over the yield, quality and cocoa supply in png. No limit in file size, no registration, no watermark. Cocoa is a lifeline for thousands of small farmers in papua new guinea png, providing vital income for some 20 percent of the countrys population.
Many people consider the pod borer to be the most important pest of cocoa in many parts of southeast asia. Sometimes the larvae eat the seed coat of the cotyledons, the first leaves. Final report project socioeconomic impact assessment of. Cpb cocoa pod borer dfat department of foreign affairs and trade enb east new britain province pgk papua new guinea kina png papua new guinea ppap productive partnership in agriculture project abbreviations photo. It is known from saudi arabia, china, india west bengal, andaman islands. Producing quality cocoa in bougainville world vision. Integrated management of the cocoa pod borer in papua new guinea. Pods ripen early photo 4 and the beans are small, flat and often stuck together in a mass of dried mucilage, and this produces poor quality cocoa beans. Papua new guineas cocoa industry is recovering from the pest, but the cocoa pod borer cpb still presents a major challenge and is unlikely ever to be fully eradicated, cocoa board of png project manager john moxon tells business advantage png. Besides png, this tool supports conversion of jpg, bmp, gif, and tiff images.
Semiochemicals for the cocoa pod borer, conopomorpha cramerella, control aijun zhang, david r hall, navies maisin, azhar ismail, kuang lip foo, madhura bhanu, francisco posada, fernando e. Papua new guinea cocoa production rising but borer disease. In enb and arob, cocoa production dropped by more than 70% and there has been a massive fall in smallholder incomes. Cacao, tropical evergreen tree grown for its edible seeds. Round table conference on a sustainable world cocoa economy. It was faring well until 2002 when the cocoa pod borer cpb started eating the pods. Cocoa husks temporarily covered with plastic sheet to prevent cpb hatching prima, sulawesi the insect pest. Cocoa bean production in papua new guinea reached 38 thousand tons in 2017.